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This article is based on research by the author with consulting firm Hay/McBer (previously the late David McClelland) into the leadership styles of 3,871 executives. This research found six different distinct leadership styles: (1) coercive; (2) authoritative; (3) affiliative; (4) democratic; (5) pacesetting; and (6) coaching. The author discusses each style in detail, including the direct and unique impact the different styles have on organization climate, including financial performance. According to previous research by David McClelland "climate" refers to six key factors that influence an organization's working environment: (1) flexibility; (2) responsibility; (3) standards; (4) rewards: (5) clarity; and (6) commitment. The article introduces a table with the effect of each of the six leadership styles on the six key factors of organizational climate. The author advises readers to mix the different leadership styles: "Many studies, including this one, have shown that the more styles a leader exhibits, the better. Leaders who have mastered four or more - especially the authoritative, democratic, affiliative, and coaching styles - have the very best climate and business performance." It is not that these leaders mechanically match their style to fit a checklist of situations, they are sensitive to the impact they are having on others and seamlessly adjust their style to get the best results. For readers that worry about their own leadership skills do not need to despair, according to the author it is possible to grow your emotional intelligence whic "takes practice and commitment". The article is complemented by a short primer into emotional intelligence (also see the author's 1998-article 'What Makes a Leader?').
Great article on leadership, which will never become a clear science. This article provides clear insights into the different leadership styles and their impact on organizational climate, which has a great impact on financial performance. Do not forget to read his 1998-article 'What Makes a Leader?' that discusses the five components of emotional intelligence. I recommend this article to managers, people moving into management, and MBA-students. The author uses simple US-English.
The Three Major Kind of Tools
* Tools for hittings things to make them loose or to tighten them up or
jar their many complex, sophisticated electrical parts in such a
manner that they function perfectly. (These are your hammers, maces,
bludgeons, and truncheons.)
* Tools that, if dropped properly, can penetrate your foot. (Awls)
* Tools that nobody should ever use because the potential danger is far
greater than the value of any project that could possibly result.
(Power saws, power drills, power staplers, any kind of tool that uses
any kind of power more advanced than flashlight batteries.)
-- Dave Barry, "The Taming of the Screw"
Most of what I really need to know about how to live, and what to do,
and how to be, I learned in kindergarten. Wisdom was not at the top of the
graduate school mountain but there in the sandbox at nursery school.
These are the things I learned: Share everything. Play fair. Don't
hit people. Put things back where you found them. Clean up your own mess.
Don't take things that aren't yours. Say you're sorry when you hurt someone.
Wash your hands before you eat. Flush. Warm cookies and cold milk are good
for you. Live a balanced life. Learn some and think some and draw and paint
and sing and dance and play and work some every day.
Take a nap every afternoon. When you go out into the world, watch for
traffic, hold hands, and stick together. Be aware of wonder. Remember the
little seed in the plastic cup. The roots go down and the plant goes up and
nobody really knows how or why, but we are all like that. Goldfish and
hamsters and white mice and even the little seed in the plastic cup -- they all
die. So do we.
And then remember the book about Dick and Jane and the first word you
learned, the biggest word of all: LOOK. Everything you need to know is in
there somewhere. The Golden Rule and love and basic sanitation. Ecology and
politics and sane living.
Think of what a better world it would be if we all -- the whole world
-- had cookies and milk about 3 o'clock every afternoon and then lay down with
our blankets for a nap. Or if we had a basic policy in our nation and other
nations to always put things back where we found them and cleaned up our own
messes. And it is still true, no matter how old you are, when you go out into
the world it is best to hold hands and stick together.
-- Robert Fulghum, "All I ever really needed to know I learned
in kindergarten"
